Showing 58 incidents involving ChatGPT.
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Cathleen Siebrecht filed a brief with AI-hallucinated citations and the court sanctioned her.
In re Cathleen Siebrecht · Cathleen Siebrecht · U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida · FL
“I absolve the mother of any intention to mislead the court.”
Cases that don't exist
- Johnson v. City of Detroit, 2024 WL 1234567
peaceforasia.ch ↗
The file →
- In re Cathleen Siebrecht; attorney Cathleen Siebrecht was sanctioned.
- She filed a brief containing AI-hallucinated citations.
- The court imposed a $2,500 monetary fine.
- U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida; federal court in Florida.
- Date not given on the page; the page links this as an AI hallucination case.
Jan Tomasik and Daniel Mann filed a brief with bogus citations generated by ChatGPT, and Judge Hardy ordered them removed, referred to the Nevada bar, and fined.
Uprise · Jan Tomasik; Daniel Mann; Cozen O’Connor · Washoe County, Nev., District Court · NV
“This is larger than any of us,”
lawnext.com ↗
The file →
- Uprise; Jan Tomasik, Daniel Mann, and Cozen O’Connor
- They filed a brief with bogus legal references generated by ChatGPT.
- Judge Hardy ordered removal, bar referral, and $2,500 fines each ($5,000 total), then suspended them.
- Washoe County, Nevada, District Court in Washoe County, Nev.
- Last May; Hardy said he wanted system improvement and redemption.
Walters filed papers with hallucinated citations; the court sanctioned him for the fake authorities.
Park v. Kim · Mark Walters · U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York · NY
“The opinion is short and direct.”
Cases that don't exist
- Matter of Bourguignon v. Coordinated Behavioral Health Servs., Inc., 114 A.D.3d 947 (3d Dep’t 2014)
natlawreview.com ↗
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- Park v. Kim; Mark Walters was sanctioned
- He filed briefs containing hallucinated legal citations
- $3,000 monetary fine
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, New York
- The page links the misconduct to ChatGPT-generated fake citations
A California attorney filed ChatGPT-generated fake case quotes and citations, and the state appeals court fined the lawyer $10,000.
California attorney sanctioned for ChatGPT-generated fake case quotes and citations · state appeals court · CA
ai.plainenglish.io ↗
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- A California attorney was sanctioned for ChatGPT-fabricated case quotes.
- The lawyer submitted 21 of 23 quotes that ChatGPT had completely fabricated.
- The court fined the lawyer $10,000.
- The sanction came from a state appeals court in California.
- The page names ChatGPT as the source of the fake citations.
Schwartz filed a ChatGPT-written brief that cited nonexistent cases, and the court sanctioned him and fined him $5,000.
Steven A. Schwartz · Steven A. Schwartz · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
““I did not comprehend that ChatGPT could fabricate cases,” Schwartz later told the judge.”
Cases that don't exist
- Martinez v. Delta
- Zicherman v. Korean Air Lines
- Varghese v. China Southern Airlines
precedent.com ↗
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- Steven A. Schwartz filed a ChatGPT-written brief in an airline suit.
- The brief cited Martinez v. Delta, Zicherman v. Korean Air Lines, and Varghese v. China Southern Airlines.
- He was sanctioned and fined $5,000.
- The article places the matter in court in the Southern District of New York.
- The cited cases did not exist, and Schwartz said he did not comprehend ChatGPT could fabricate cases.
A lawyer submitted a brief citing nonexistent cases hallucinated by ChatGPT, and the court sanctioned the lawyer $5,000.
C O’Keefe · C O’Keefe
fordhamlawreview.org ↗
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- C O’Keefe was sanctioned.
- A brief cited nonexistent cases hallucinated by ChatGPT.
- The court imposed a $5,000 sanction.
- The page gives no court or judge name.
- The article cites this as a 2023 sanction.
Two law firms faced sanctions after submitting ChatGPT-generated briefs that contained nine fabricated citations out of 27 total authorities.
ChatGPT-generated briefs
proplaintiff.ai ↗
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- Two law firms were sanctioned for ChatGPT-generated briefs.
- Their filings contained nine fabricated citations out of 27 authorities.
- The page says the sanction was a $10,000 wake-up call.
- The court and judge are not named on the page.
- The article gives the fabrication count but no citation strings.
An attorney filed AI-enhanced appellate briefs with fabricated citations and quotations; the California Court of Appeal sanctioned him $10,000 and referred him to the State Bar.
[Los Angeles attorney; case caption not named on page] · attorney in Los Angeles · California Court of Appeal · CA
Cases that don't exist
- Schimmel v. Levin
- Peake v. Underwood
vlex.com ↗
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- Los Angeles attorney was sanctioned after filing AI-enhanced appellate briefs.
- ChatGPT generated fabricated citations and quotations that were filed without reading.
- The court imposed a $10,000 sanction and referred him to the State Bar.
- California Court of Appeal, California.
- Page says the sanction was the highest fine ever issued by a California state court for AI misuse.
Richard Bednar filed a brief with fake ChatGPT-generated citations, and the Utah Court of Appeals sanctioned him.
Richard Bednar · Richard Bednar · Utah Court of Appeals · UT
“"here is this case and it supports our position" and the case doesn’t exist.”
Cases that don't exist
- Royer v. Nelson
- Wadsworth v. Walmart
- United States v. Hayes
cybernews.com ↗
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- Richard Bednar was sanctioned in the Utah Court of Appeals matter.
- He submitted a brief with fake citations generated by ChatGPT.
- He was ordered to pay fees, refund client fees, and donate $1,000.
- Utah Court of Appeals in Utah.
- The brief included the non-existent case Royer v. Nelson.
A California attorney was fined for filing a state court appeal with fake quotations generated by ChatGPT.
California attorney sanctioned for fake quotations generated by ChatGPT · CA
cybernews.com ↗
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- A California attorney was sanctioned for an AI-generated filing.
- The attorney used fake quotations generated by ChatGPT in a state court appeal.
- The court imposed a $10,000 fine.
- The matter was in California state court.
- The page says the fine was issued in September and calls it historic.
A New York lawyer filed a brief with several non-existent court cases fabricated by an LLM and was sanctioned.
New York lawyer sanctioned for using fake ChatGPT cases in legal brief · NY
jbima.com ↗
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- A New York lawyer was sanctioned.
- He submitted a legal brief citing several non-existent court cases.
- The sanction type is not specified beyond sanctions.
- The matter was in New York state court.
- The article says the cases were fabricated by an LLM, and it was in 2023.
A federal judge sanctioned Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro, Robert Carey, and Celeste Boyd after briefs in an OnlyFans case contained AI-generated hallucinated citations.
OnlyFans users v. Fenix International Ltd. · Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro; Robert Carey; Celeste Boyd · U.S. District Court for the Central District of California · CA
“He wrote that allowing revisions would unfairly burden defendants who had already responded, noting that the proposed corrections still contained errors.”
complex.com ↗
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- OnlyFans users v. Fenix International Ltd. involved Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro, Robert Carey, and Celeste Boyd.
- Four briefs reportedly contained fabricated or hallucinated legal citations generated through AI tools.
- Judge Fred Slaughter imposed $10,000 on the firm and Carey, plus $3,000 on Boyd.
- U.S. District Court for the Central District of California; Seattle-based firm; California federal case.
- The article says Boyd used ChatGPT to draft and edit sections and failed to independently verify the output.
Michael Chambers filed a motion containing ChatGPT-generated fake case citations, and the court sanctioned him for the AI-made fabrications.
Arthur v. City of Hartford · Michael Chambers · U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut · CT
Cases that don't exist
- Mati v. City of Hartford
- Smith v. City of Hartford
- Johnson v. City of Hartford
nytimes.com ↗
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- Arthur v. City of Hartford; Michael Chambers was sanctioned.
- He filed a motion with ChatGPT-generated fake legal citations.
- The court imposed a $500 monetary fine.
- U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut.
- The page says the fake cases came from ChatGPT.
A pro se litigant used AI to generate fake citations in briefs and was fined $10,000.
Missouri pro se litigant case · Missouri court · MO
nysba.org ↗
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- A Missouri pro se litigant was sanctioned.
- He used AI to generate fake citations in briefs.
- The court fined him $10,000.
- The case was in Missouri state court.
- The article does not give a date or case caption.
A Utah attorney filed false ChatGPT-generated citations, including Royer v. Nelson, and the state court of appeals sanctioned the attorney.
Royer v. Nelson · state court of appeals · UT
courtroomsciences.com ↗
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- A Utah attorney was sanctioned in Royer v. Nelson.
- The filing contained a nonexistent case and other false citations generated by ChatGPT.
- The court imposed sanctions; the article does not state the amount.
- State court of appeals in Utah.
- 2025; opposing counsel said the material was unverifiable in any legal database.
Steven A. Schwartz filed a brief with AI-fabricated cases and quotations, and the court sanctioned the filing.
In re Schwartz · Steven A. Schwartz · federal court
prinz-lawfirm.com ↗
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- In re Schwartz involved Steven A. Schwartz and AI-fabricated citations.
- He submitted a brief with made-up cases and quotations.
- The court sanctioned the filing with a monetary fine.
- The page says courts in Wyoming, California, Texas, and Pennsylvania have sanctioned similar conduct.
- It identifies ChatGPT as one of the AI tools that can hallucinate citations.
Steven Schwartz was sanctioned after filing a brief with six AI-generated case citations that were completely fabricated.
Steven Schwartz · Steven Schwartz · S.D.N.Y. · NY
law360.com ↗
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- Steven Schwartz was sanctioned in a 2023 New York case.
- He submitted a brief with six AI-generated case citations.
- The page says the citations were completely fabricated.
- The court imposed sanctions in federal court in the Southern District of New York.
- The page does not name the AI tool or give the sanction amount.
Two New York lawyers submitted a brief with fake ChatGPT-generated cases, and a U.S. judge imposed sanctions.
In re unspecified New York lawyers · two New York lawyers · U.S. District Court · NY
quora.com ↗
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- Two New York lawyers were sanctioned.
- They submitted a legal brief with fake ChatGPT cases.
- The court imposed sanctions, but the amount is not stated.
- A U.S. District Court in New York handled the matter.
- The article says the cases were ChatGPT-generated.
An attorney filed a pleading citing at least six nonexistent cases, and Judge Martínez fined him $1,500 and ordered ethics training and bar reporting.
Unnamed New Mexico attorney · unnamed New Mexico attorney · U.S. Magistrate Judge Damian Martínez · NM
“The six cases were fake and likely the handiwork of a ChatGPT or similar artificial intelligence (AI) program’s hallucinations,”
govtech.com ↗
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- An unnamed New Mexico attorney was sanctioned for fake citations.
- He filed a pleading with at least six nonexistent cases.
- Judge Martínez fined him $1,500 and required bar reporting and AI ethics training.
- U.S. Magistrate Judge Damian Martínez, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
- Last year; the article says the fake cases were likely from ChatGPT or a similar AI program.
Debtor’s counsel filed a brief with AI-generated fabricated citations and nonexistent quotations, and the bankruptcy court sanctioned counsel and his firm.
In re Marla C. Martin · U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois · IL
““no lawyer should be using … a generative AI product to perform research without verifying results. Period.””
duanemorris.com ↗
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- Marla Martin bankruptcy case; debtor’s counsel and his law firm were sanctioned
- Counsel filed a brief with fabricated citations and nonexistent quotations generated by AI
- The court imposed a $5,500 penalty and required AI-training attendance
- U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Illinois
- November 7, 2025 article; the court called the sanction "modest" and warned future violators
Two New Orleans law department attorneys filed a motion with nine AI-generated fake case citations, and Judge Carl Barbier sanctioned them.
Jalen Harris and James Roquemore · Assistant City Attorney Jalen Harris; Deputy City Attorney James Roquemore · U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana · LA
abajournal.com ↗
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- Assistant City Attorney Jalen Harris and Deputy City Attorney James Roquemore were sanctioned in federal court.
- They filed a January 2026 motion containing nine made-up case citations generated by AI.
- Judge Carl Barbier ordered Harris to pay $250 and Roquemore $1,000.
- The case was in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans.
- Harris said he used ChatGPT to speed research and did not verify the AI-generated cases.
Two New York lawyers filed a brief with six fake ChatGPT-created case citations and were fined $5,000.
Two New York lawyers sanction incident · two New York lawyers · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
cnbc.com ↗
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- Two New York lawyers were the sanctioned attorneys.
- They submitted a legal brief with six fake case citations created by ChatGPT.
- The court fined them $5,000.
- The matter was in federal court in New York.
- The page says this happened in 2023, and the AI tool was ChatGPT.
Cohn submitted a filing with AI-fabricated citations and faced sanctions for the false authorities.
In re: Thomas M. Cohn · Thomas M. Cohn · U.S. Bankruptcy Court
edrm.net ↗
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- In re: Thomas M. Cohn; Thomas M. Cohn was sanctioned
- He submitted a filing with AI-fabricated citations
- Monetary sanction amount not stated
- U.S. Bankruptcy Court
- The page says the false citations came from ChatGPT
A New York lawyer filed court papers citing fake legal cases generated by ChatGPT, and the judge fined the lawyer and his firm $5,000.
Unknown New York lawyer matter · a New York lawyer · court not named on page · NY
bloomfire.com ↗
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- A New York lawyer and his firm were fined in court.
- He filed papers with fake legal cases generated by ChatGPT.
- The judge imposed a $5,000 fine.
- The page does not name the court or judge.
- The article names ChatGPT as the source of the fabricated citations.
The firm submitted a brief containing generative-AI mistakes and erroneous citations, and a state appellate panel upheld $6,000 in sanctions.
Lipeles Law Group sanctions appeal · Lipeles Law Group · California appellate panel · CA
“the worst example of misconduct by a lawyer that I think I’ve ever seen since I’ve been on the bench.”
law.com ↗
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- Lipeles Law Group was sanctioned after filing a brief with AI mistakes and erroneous cites.
- The article says a contract attorney was responsible for the citation errors.
- The appellate panel upheld $6,000 in sanctions.
- A California state appellate panel handled the matter.
- The article says the attorney used a 'premier corporate subscription of ChatGPT'.
An attorney filed a state court appeal with 21 of 23 quoted citations hallucinated by ChatGPT and was fined $10,000.
California court appeal matter · California court · CA
nbcnews.com ↗
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- An unnamed attorney in California was fined.
- The attorney filed a state court appeal with 21 of 23 quotes hallucinated by ChatGPT.
- The court imposed a $10,000 fine.
- California court; state jurisdiction; location not further specified on the page.
- The article calls it possibly the largest-ever fine over AI fabrications.
An appeals court in California fined a lawyer $10,000 after nearly all quotations in the briefs were fabricated with AI tools.
In re: OpenAI, Inc. ChatGPT Litigation · California Court of Appeal · CA
““as a warning””
404media.co ↗
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- An unnamed lawyer was sanctioned in a California appeal.
- The lawyer filed briefs with nearly all legal quotations fabricated through AI tools.
- The court imposed a record $10,000 fine.
- California Court of Appeal, California.
- The page says the lawyer used ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Grok; the date is only given as earlier this month.
An attorney and his firm were fined after filing bankruptcy arguments containing four misrepresented or fictitious matters.
Bankruptcy proceedings matter · United States Bankruptcy Court
heplerbroom.com ↗
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- An attorney and his firm were sanctioned in bankruptcy proceedings.
- Their filing cited four misrepresented or fictitious matters.
- The court fined both the attorney and the firm.
- United States Bankruptcy Court; the article gives no judge name.
- The attorney admitted using ChatGPT and not verifying the citations before filing.
Counsel cited the nonexistent Illinois Supreme Court case Mack v. Anderson in a post-trial motion; the judge held a special hearing and sanctions were sought.
Chicago Housing Authority matter · Chicago Housing Authority's counsel · Cook County Circuit Court · IL
heplerbroom.com ↗
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- Chicago Housing Authority counsel cited Mack v. Anderson in a post-trial motion.
- The case did not exist and was generated by AI research.
- Plaintiff sought sanctions after the false citation and related misrepresentations.
- Cook County Circuit Court, Illinois; Judge Thomas Cushing held a special hearing.
- Summer 2025; the attorney said she did not think ChatGPT could create false precedent.
The plaintiff filed AI-prepared pleadings with fictitious legal authorities and was ordered to pay $500 in compensation.
Kalala c. Coopérative d'habitation La Fraternité Micheloise · Superior Court of Québec
lazaruslegal.com ↗
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- Kalala c. Coopérative d'habitation La Fraternité Micheloise; the plaintiff
- The pleadings contained fictitious authorities and wrong Civil Code provisions
- Monetary sanction of $500 in compensation
- Superior Court of Québec
- 2025; the plaintiff acknowledged using ChatGPT
Fined
$15K
ChatGPT
2026-07-28
Mason Cole filed briefs with false statutory quotations and case citations, and the Illinois Appellate Court for the First District fined him for each false citation and quotation.
Mason Cole · Mason Cole of Cole Sadkin · Illinois Appellate Court for the First District · IL
“"This is unacceptable," the appeals court said.”
abajournal.com ↗
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- Mason Cole of Cole Sadkin was sanctioned.
- He filed briefs containing false statutory quotations, false case citations and improper facts.
- The court imposed a $15,000 fine, $1,500 for each false citation and quotation.
- Illinois Appellate Court for the First District, Illinois.
- July 28 opinion; Cole said he used a premium corporate subscription of ChatGPT and cross-referenced with LexisNexis.
Fined
$3K
ChatGPT
2026-07-24
A plaintiff's attorney filed multiple court submissions with dozens of AI-generated fake citations and quotations and did not correct them; the judge imposed a $3,000 sanction.
Joann LeDoux v. Outliers, Inc. · U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington · WA
“tantamount to bad faith”
law360.com ↗
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- A plaintiff's attorney in Tiffany M. Cartwright was sanctioned.
- She submitted multiple filings with dozens of fake citations and quotations generated by AI platforms.
- The court imposed a $3,000 monetary sanction.
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, Washington.
- July 24, 2026; the judge called the conduct 'tantamount to bad faith.'
Fined
$1
ChatGPT
2026-07-22
A self-represented litigant used ChatGPT to file fabricated citations and received higher costs for AI misuse.
Asif v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship · FedCFam
damiencharlotin.com ↗
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- Asif v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship; a pro se litigant was sanctioned.
- The filing contained ChatGPT-fabricated case law citations.
- The court ordered higher costs because of AI misuse.
- FedCFam, Australia.
- 22 July 2026; the page lists the penalty as 1 AUD.
An Illinois attorney admitted using ChatGPT in a response brief filed July 2, and the court said the brief also contained misstatements of law.
Ill. Appeals Court Says It Hopes Higher Fine Will Deter AI Hallucinations · IL
law.com ↗
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- Illinois appeals-court matter about hallucinated citations.
- The attorney admitted using a 'premier corporate subscription of ChatGPT' in a response brief.
- The court said the brief also included misstatements of law.
- Illinois Appeals Court.
- The response brief was filed July 2, 2026; the article says the court hoped a higher fine would deter AI hallucinations.
Fined
$6K
ChatGPT
2026-07-01
Thomas Nield used ChatGPT to research a Chapter 13 issue and filed briefs with nonexistent cases and quotes; Judge Michael Slade fined him $5,500.
Thomas Nield · Thomas Nield · Illinois bankruptcy court · IL
“The next lawyer who does the same thing is warned that he or she will likely see a more significant penalty.”
news.bloomberglaw.com ↗
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- Thomas Nield, a former Semrad Law Firm bankruptcy attorney, was sanctioned in Illinois.
- He used ChatGPT and filed documents with hallucinated cases and quotes.
- Judge Michael Slade imposed a $5,500 fine.
- The sanction came from the Illinois bankruptcy court.
- The article says he used ChatGPT for an ancillary issue in a Chapter 13 case and was terminated in September.
Fined
$500
ChatGPT
2026-03-19
A pro se plaintiff filed a Rule 11 sanctions motion containing fictitious and inaccurate AI-generated case citations; the court awarded fees to the defendant.
Brownfield v. Cherokee County School District No. 35 · Oscar Brownfield · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma · OK
“Still, they “displayed a reckless disregard for the obligation to ensure that what is filed in federal court is true, verified, and worthy of the public trust,” warranting sanctions “both to redress the specific harm and to deter recurrence.””
fisherphillips.com ↗
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- Brownfield v. Cherokee County School District No. 35 involved a pro se plaintiff sanctioned for bogus citations.
- His Rule 11 motion contained fictitious and inaccurate case citations generated by AI.
- The court ordered $500 paid directly to the school district.
- E.D. Okla., federal court in Oklahoma.
- March 19, 2026; the amount reflected about two hours of defense counsel time.
Fined
$2K
ChatGPT
2026-03-10
A pro se plaintiff filed a brief with fabricated case citations and AI-generated content; the court imposed Rule 11 sanctions.
Allen v. Cass Casper · N.D. Ill. · IL
“Pro se status does not shelter plaintiffs from sanctions pursuant to Rule 11. … Filing a document that contains citations to nonexistent cases, quotes language that comes from no real case, or that contains arguments wholly unsupported by the record violates Rule 11. Allen did just that. This demonstrates that Allen failed to make a reasonable inquiry into the supporting law or facts.”
fisherphillips.com ↗
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- Allen v. Cass Casper involved a pro se plaintiff sanctioned over AI-made citations.
- Her opposition brief contained at least two entirely fabricated case citations and AI-generated sections.
- The court imposed a $1,500 Rule 11 monetary sanction.
- N.D. Ill., federal court in Illinois.
- March 10, 2026; the court said she relied too heavily on AI without reasonable inquiry.
Fined
$1K
ChatGPT
2026-02-24
An attorney filed an error-filled brief drafted with ChatGPT and Westlaw Precision AI that cited numerous hallucinated cases, and Judge Brandon Long imposed a $1,000 sanction.
Woodward Harbor LLC v. City of Mandeville, et al. · Eastern District of Louisiana · LA
mblb.com ↗
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- Woodward Harbor LLC v. City of Mandeville, et al.; one attorney was sanctioned.
- He submitted a brief drafted with ChatGPT and Westlaw Precision AI containing hallucinated cases.
- The court imposed a $1,000 sanction.
- Eastern District of Louisiana; federal; Louisiana.
- 2026-02-24; the brief included at least 11 citations that were made up, misquoted, or misused.
Fined
$12K
ChatGPT
2026-02-02
Lawyers filed briefs with ChatGPT-hallucinated citations and quotations, and Judge Julie A. Robinson publicly admonished and sanctioned them.
Lexos Media IP LLC v. Overstock.com Inc. · Sandeep Seth; Kenneth Kula; Christopher Joe; Michael Doell; David Cooper · D. Kan. · KS
“the Rule 11 duty is “nondelegable.””
minnlawyer.com ↗
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- Four lawyers for a plaintiff company were sanctioned in a patent infringement case.
- They used ChatGPT to find caselaw and filed briefs with hallucinated citations.
- Judge Robinson imposed $12,000 total in sanctions and publicly admonished them.
- U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas, Kansas.
- Order dated 2026-02-05; the court also revoked one lawyer’s pro hac vice admission and required self-reporting.
Fined
$1K
ChatGPT
2026-02-01
A New Orleans court fined John Walker $1,000 after his LSU Health Foundation brief contained at least 11 fabricated or mischaracterized citations.
John Walker · John Walker · New Orleans · LA
““To this day it blows my mind it has that capability,””
developmentcorporate.com ↗
The file →
- John Walker was sanctioned over an LSU Health Foundation brief.
- The brief contained at least 11 fabricated or mischaracterized citations.
- The court imposed a $1,000 fine.
- New Orleans, Louisiana state court.
- February 2026; Walker used both ChatGPT and Westlaw Precision AI.
Fined
$10K
ChatGPT
2026-01-01
A lawyer filed a factum with non-existent authorities and was suspended for 6 months and fined $10,000.
Law Society of Ontario v Lee · Law Society of Ontario Tribunal
“To be clear, it is not professional misconduct for a lawyer to use AI to assist in the preparation of a factum.”
guides.library.queensu.ca ↗
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- Law Society of Ontario v Lee involved a lawyer sanctioned in 2026.
- She filed a factum that included non-existent authorities and an authority that did not support her argument.
- The LSO suspended her licence for 6 months and fined her $10,000.
- The matter was before the Law Society of Ontario Tribunal in Canada.
- The page says she used ChatGPT and quotes the tribunal on verifying AI-generated authorities.
Fined
$3K
ChatGPT
2025-12-12
Co-counsel Celeste Boyd used ChatGPT to draft and edit portions of briefs in an OnlyFans-related case and was sanctioned $3,000 for failing to verify them.
Celeste Boyd · Celeste Boyd · U.S. District Court for the Central District of California · CA
“The judge additionally imposed a $3,000 sanction on co-counsel Celeste Boyd, who he said used ChatGPT to draft and edit portions of the briefs but failed to verify the material, Reuters also reports.”
abajournal.com ↗
The file →
- Celeste Boyd was sanctioned as co-counsel in the OnlyFans case.
- She used ChatGPT to draft and edit portions of briefs that contained hallucinated material.
- The court imposed a $3,000 sanction on Boyd.
- U.S. District Court for the Central District of California; Judge Fred Slaughter; California.
- The article says she failed to verify the material before filing.
Fined
$60K
ChatGPT
2025-12-05
An Illinois circuit court sanctioned a law firm $50,000 and an attorney $10,000 for filing post-trial submissions with false AI-generated case citations and quotations.
Jordan v. Chi. Hous. Auth. · Ill. Cir. Ct. · IL
“The Court further emphasized its focus was “not on the misuse of artificial intelligence to conduct unreliable legal research and drafting,” but “the inexcusable submission of false authority and factual arguments to the Court, the subsequent misrepresentations about the extent of the improper conduct, and the failure to take prompt responsibility for errors once discovered.””
klemchuk.com ↗
The file →
- Jordan v. Chi. Hous. Auth.; Illinois law firm and attorney sanctioned
- Post-trial filings contained false case citations and quotations generated by AI
- $60,000 total sanctions: $50,000 firm and $10,000 attorney
- Ill. Cir. Ct., Illinois
- Dec. 5, 2025; drafting attorney said she used ChatGPT
Fined
$1K
ChatGPT
2025-10-23
Counsel filed opposition papers with AI-generated false Louisiana case citations; the trial court sanctioned her and the appellate court affirmed.
In re: Sanctions Order of KENNEY (2025) · Connie P. Trieu · Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit · LA
“Plaintiff's counsel submitted legal authority and citations generated by “A.I.” software without verifying their authenticity.”
Cases that don't exist
- Burns v. State, 813 So.2d 574
- Smith v. Christus St. Patrick Hosp., 20-306 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/3/20), 308 So.3d 1216
- Doe v. Southwest Louisiana Hosp. Ass'n, 02-180 (La. App. 3 Cir. 7/10/02), 833 So.2d 1136
caselaw.findlaw.com ↗
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- In re: Sanctions Order of KENNEY (2025) sanctioned Connie P. Trieu.
- She filed pleadings containing three fabricated Louisiana citations and other citation errors.
- The trial court ordered $1,368 in attorney's fees plus costs.
- Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit, in Louisiana.
- Decided October 23, 2025; the opinion says the citations were generated by AI and notes ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot were used.
Fined
$5K
ChatGPT
2025-10-01
Mr. Laprade filed proceedings with false AI-generated citations and other authorities, and the Superior Court of Quebec imposed a $5,000 penalty.
Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade · Jean Laprade · Superior Court of Québec
“The Court therefore imposed a $5,000 sanction on the Defendant, both to punish his conduct and to deter similar behaviour in the future.”
gowlingwlg.com ↗
The file →
- Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade; Mr. Laprade was sanctioned
- He filed proceedings with false citations, decisions, and references produced using AI
- The court imposed a $5,000 penalty
- Superior Court of Quebec, Quebec
- October 1, 2025; the court said AI cannot justify inaccurate or fabricated documents
Fined
$2K
ChatGPT
2025-09-23
Lawrence Chang filed a reconsideration motion with AI-generated bogus citations and the court struck the motion and sanctioned him.
Lawrence Chang · Lawrence Chang · Texas state court · TX
“The court finds “good cause supports the imposition of sanctions in order to deter such conduct in the future, which amounts to serious misconduct that threatens to impugn the integrity of the courts and the administration of justice,” Guerra Gamble said.”
news.bloomberglaw.com ↗
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- Lawrence Chang was sanctioned in a Texas state-court matter involving his motion for reconsideration.
- He admitted using AI and not checking the accuracy of the citations it produced.
- The court ordered him to pay $2,000 in attorneys’ fees and expenses and struck the reconsideration motion.
- Judge Maya Guerra Gamble issued the order in Texas state court.
- Chang said he pasted his draft into ChatGPT’s legal tool to improve his writing.
Fined
$10K
ChatGPT
2025-09-12
Amir Mostafavi filed appellate briefs with fabricated AI-generated citations and quotations, and the California Court of Appeal sanctioned him $10,000 and referred him to the state bar.
Noland v. Land of the Free, L.P. · Amir Mostafavi · California Court of Appeal · CA
“Nearly all of the legal quotations in plaintiff’s opening brief, and many of the quotations in plaintiff’s reply brief, are fabricated,”
Cases that don't exist
- Schimmel v. Levin (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 81
counselpro.ai ↗
The file →
- Noland v. Land of the Free, L.P.; attorney Amir Mostafavi was sanctioned.
- He used ChatGPT and other AI tools to enhance appellate briefs without verifying citations.
- The court imposed a $10,000 sanction and referred him to the state bar.
- California Court of Appeal, California; the case was a state appellate decision.
- The article says 21 of 23 opening-brief quotations were fabricated and the court faulted the filings.
A pro se plaintiff filed a brief citing a non-existent Third Circuit case generated by AI, and Judge Karoline Mehalchick sanctioned him.
Allbaugh v. Univ. of Scranton · U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania · PA
“Rule 11 does not prohibit the use of generative AI, however, it does require parties to verify that they are not submitting briefs to the Court which rely on fictitious cases.”
Cases that don't exist
- Allbaugh v. Univ. of Scranton, 2025 WL 2484188
cgalaw.com ↗
The file →
- Allbaugh v. Univ. of Scranton involved a pro se plaintiff sanctioned for an AI-generated fake citation.
- The plaintiff cited a non-existent Third Circuit opinion in a brief.
- Judge Karoline Mehalchick imposed sanctions for the misuse of AI and the false citation.
- The case was in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania.
- On 2025-08-28, the court said parties must verify briefs do not rely on fictitious cases.
In Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration, the court sanctioned Maren Ann-Miller Bam for a brief citing AI-generated fake cases.
Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration · Maren Ann-Miller Bam · U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona · AZ
“The Court does not take this action lightly.”
Cases that don't exist
- Brown v. Colvin
- Wofford v. Berryhill
- Hobbs v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration
cronkitenews.azpbs.org ↗
The file →
- Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration; attorney Maren Ann-Miller Bam was sanctioned.
- Her Social Security appeal brief included AI-generated fabricated, misleading, or unsupported citations.
- Judge Alison Bachus sanctioned her and ordered notice to the three judges named in the fake opinions.
- U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona; federal court in Arizona.
- Aug. 14, 2025; the article says 12 of 19 cited cases were fake and mentions ChatGPT-generated hallucinations.
Fined
$2K
ChatGPT
2025-02-27
Counsel admitted using ChatGPT to draft filings with fabricated and misrepresented citations; the court imposed a $2,500 sanction and mandatory AI-ethics CLE.
Bunce v. Visual Tech. Innovations, Inc. · U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania · PA
damiencharlotin.com ↗
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- Bunce v. Visual Technology Innovations (1); counsel sanctioned.
- The page says counsel admitted using ChatGPT to draft filings with fake citations.
- The court imposed a $2,500 monetary sanction and required CLE.
- E.D. Pennsylvania, federal court in Pennsylvania.
- 2025-02-27; the matter involved fabricated, misrepresented, and outdated citations.
Fined
$2K
ChatGPT
2024-11-04
Judge Fred W. Slaughter imposed $2,000 in sanctions on William Becker Jr. for filing a motion with alleged non-existent case citations and misrepresentations of existing law.
William Becker Jr. · William Becker Jr · US District Court for the Central District of California · CA
“Sanctions were warranted against Becker for “his failure to verify the validity of the AI-generated material, and submitting the AI-tainted Motion to the court,” the judge said.”
news.bloomberglaw.com ↗
The file →
- William Becker Jr. was sanctioned in the Chris Kluwe-related case.
- He filed a motion with AI-hallucinated/non-existent citations and misrepresented existing case law.
- The court imposed $2,000 in sanctions.
- US District Court for the Central District of California; Judge Fred W. Slaughter.
- Nov. 4 order; the page says the motion was AI-tainted and Becker was told to show cause.
Fined
$2K
ChatGPT
2024-02-12
A brief citing fictitious cases created with AI led the Superior Court of Massachusetts to sanction the attorney $2,000.
Smith v. Falwell · Suffolk Superior Court · MA
“two disturbing developments that are adversely affecting the practice of law”
klemchuk.com ↗
The file →
- Smith v. Falwell involved lead counsel at the offending law firm.
- Three filings contained fictitious or non-existent caselaw produced using AI.
- The court sanctioned the attorney $2,000.
- Suffolk Superior Court in Massachusetts.
- Feb. 12, 2024; the article says ChatGPT and Google Bard were cited as examples of AI that can fabricate information.
A lawyer filed a brief quoting two made-up cases, and the court ordered costs and required a review of all files for ChatGPT use.
Zhang v. Chen · British Columbia Supreme Court
“As this case has unfortunately made clear, generative AI is still no substitute for the professional expertise that the justice system requires of lawyers.”
calgarydefence.com ↗
The file →
- Zhang v. Chen involved the lawyer representing Mr. Chen.
- The brief quoted two made-up cases and used ChatGPT.
- The court ordered costs and a file-wide review, not a stated dollar fine.
- British Columbia Supreme Court, British Columbia.
- 2024 BCSC 285; Justice Masuhara said generative AI is no substitute for lawyers' expertise.
Fined
$10K
ChatGPT
2023-06-30
Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP submitted a brief with hallucinated citations, and the court sanctioned the firm and counsel.
In re: CFI Delegated Shareholder Litigation · Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP · Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware · DE
““The use of ChatGPT was not disclosed to the Court.””
Cases that don't exist
- Hsu v. Teco Energy, Inc., 2018 WL 5115675
- Morris v. 7-Eleven, Inc., 2015 WL 7293045
podcasts.apple.com ↗
The file →
- In re: CFI Delegated Shareholder Litigation against Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP
- A filing included hallucinated citations generated with ChatGPT
- The court imposed a $10,000 monetary sanction
- Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, Delaware
- The order noted the use of ChatGPT was not disclosed to the court
Fined
$5K
ChatGPT
2023-06-22
Steven Schwartz filed six ChatGPT-invented cases in a brief, and Judge P. Kevin Castel sanctioned him, co-counsel Peter LoDuca, and their firm.
Mata v. Avianca, Inc. · Steven Schwartz, Peter LoDuca, and their firm · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
“Judge P. Kevin Castel sanctioned Schwartz, co-counsel Peter LoDuca, and their firm $5,000.”
Cases that don't exist
- Miller v. DLA Piper LLP (US), 923 F.3d 1297
- Zicherman v. Korean Air Lines Co., 516 U.S. 217
- Varghese v. China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd., 925 F.3d 1339
+3 more
gc.ai ↗
The file →
- Mata v. Avianca; Steven Schwartz, Peter LoDuca, and their firm
- Schwartz used ChatGPT and filed six nonexistent decisions with fabricated quotes and case numbers
- Monetary fine: $5,000
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- June 22, 2023; Judge P. Kevin Castel found they stood behind the fake cases after warning
A New York lawyer was sanctioned after filing briefs with fake court cases generated by ChatGPT.
In re Cathleen Siebrecht · Cathleen Siebrecht · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
smallwarsjournal.com ↗
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- In re Cathleen Siebrecht involved Cathleen Siebrecht, a New York lawyer.
- She filed briefs citing fake court cases produced by ChatGPT.
- The court sanctioned her, but the article gives no amount.
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.
- The page says this happened in 2023 and ties the citations to a ChatGPT hallucination.
Fined
$15K
ChatGPT
2023-01-01
Two lawyers filed a brief with fake cases after one used ChatGPT; the court imposed a $5,000 fine on each lawyer and the firm.
US 2023 sanctions matter involving two lawyers and their firm
“The summaries of the decisions cited in the brief showed “stylistic and reasoning flaws that do not generally appear in decisions issued by United States Courts of Appeals.””
posteo.de ↗
The file →
- Two lawyers and their law firm were sanctioned in the US.
- They filed a brief citing non-existent cases and could not produce them.
- The court imposed a $5,000 fine on each lawyer and the firm, totaling $15,000.
- US court; federal jurisdiction implied by the cited courts of appeals.
- In 2023; one lawyer had asked ChatGPT to provide supporting evidence.
Fined
$5K
ChatGPT
2023-01-01
A lawyer was challenged over seven apparently fictitious cases, asked ChatGPT to summarize them, and the court imposed a $5,000 fine on the two lawyers and their firm.
2023 case in the US district court for the southern district of New York · US District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
“the result, said the judge, was “gibberish””
lawsociety.org.zw ↗
The file →
- 2023 SDNY case involving a lawyer, two lawyers, and their firm
- Seven apparently fictitious cases were cited and ChatGPT was used to summarize them
- The court fined the two lawyers and their firm $5,000
- US District Court for the Southern District of New York
- 2023; the judge described the ChatGPT output as “gibberish”