Tracker

Sanctions watch

Every incident where a lawyer got caught filing AI-fabricated citations. The Hall of Shame.

Embed this

Incidents tracked

Incidents in 2026

$108,139

In fines, where reported

2 of 2 report an amount

The curve

Incidents per month

Last 18 months of published incidents, by the date of the court's order.

Mar 2025 Dec 2025 Aug 2026

Blamed by name

ChatGPT 58 Claude 3 Copilot 2 Gemini 2 Lexis+ AI 2 Westlaw Precision 2 Archie 1 ChatOn 1 CoCounsel 1 Ghostwriter Legal 1 Google Scholar 1 Grok 1 Lexis 1 Lexis Nexis 1 Westlaw CoCounsel 1 Westlaw’s CoCounsel 1 in-house AI database 1

Counts only incidents where the filing court or the reporting named the tool.

Hall of Shame

All Caught, not sanctioned 3 Fined 2 Outcome unclear 1 Reprimanded 1

Showing 2 incidents involving Gemini. Clear filters

Fined $77K Gemini 2025-12-18

MIO Legal Consultants LLP filed a defence with AI-fabricated and unsupported case citations, and the court ordered indemnity costs.

Arabyads Holding Limited v. Gulrez Alam Marghoob Alam [2025] ADGMCFI 0032 · MIO Legal Consultants LLP · Abu Dhabi Global Market Court of First Instance

““The fault for reliance on AI hallucinations as factually accurate lies not with the research programme, but with the person responsible for conducting the search.””

theaskconsultancy.com ↗

The file →

Arabyads Holding Limited v. Gulrez Alam Marghoob Alam [2025] ADGMCFI 0032 involved MIO Legal Consultants LLP.
The firm filed a 327-paragraph defence containing cases that did not exist or did not support the propositions cited.
The court ordered AED 282,508 in indemnity costs, about USD 77,039.
The order was issued by the Abu Dhabi Global Market Court of First Instance in Abu Dhabi.
On 2025-12-18, Justice Paul Heath KC said the fault lay with the person responsible for the search, not the AI.

Fined $31K Gemini 2025-05-01

A brief built with CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision and Google Gemini used fabricated citations, and the Special Master struck it and ordered costs.

Ellis George LLP and K&L Gates matter · Ellis George LLP and K&L Gates · Special Master

“deeply troubling”

legalfutures.co.uk ↗

The file →

Ellis George LLP and K&L Gates matter
The firms submitted a brief with fabricated citations generated using AI tools
The Special Master struck the brief and ordered $31,100 in costs
Special Master; location not stated on the page
May 2025; the page names CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision and Google Gemini

Get Sanctions Watch in your inbox

New AI-citation sanctions, the morning after they hit the docket.