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Sanctions watch

Every incident where a lawyer got caught filing AI-fabricated citations. The Hall of Shame.

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37
Incidents tracked
6
Incidents in 2026
$257,230
In fines, where reported
6 of 37 report an amount

The curve

Incidents per month

Last 18 months of published incidents, by the date of the court's order.

Mar 2025 Aug 2026

Charting 19 of 37 incidents — the rest are undated or fall outside this window.

Blamed by name

Counts only incidents where the filing court or the reporting named the tool.

Showing 37 incidents. Clear filters

Filing dismissed
Dorthy Nichols, representing herself in an appeal, filed baseless legal citations and the court dismissed her appeal.
Dorthy Nichols · Dorthy Nichols · California court · CA
“Nichols “offered no meaningful explanation” and had filed “made-up” legal citations.”
ajc.com ↗
The file →
  • Dorthy Nichols was the self-represented litigant in the case.
  • She filed baseless and made-up legal citations.
  • The court dismissed her appeal.
  • A California court handled the matter.
  • The article quotes the court saying she offered no meaningful explanation.
Filing dismissed
A self-represented appellant used generative AI to draft material with several fabricated case citations, and the court dismissed the appeal.
Helmod & Mariya (No 2) · Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 1) Appellate Jurisdiction
shorestonelegal.com.au ↗
The file →
  • Helmod & Mariya (No 2) involved a self-represented appellant husband.
  • He used generative AI to prepare written material and filed several cases as authorities.
  • The court dismissed the appeal; no monetary sanction is stated.
  • Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 1) Appellate Jurisdiction.
  • 2025; the court said the cases either could not be located or were not authority for the propositions.
Filing dismissed
A litigant in person used AI-generated authorities to challenge an election result; the High Court dismissed the petition and ordered £19,000 costs.
Reform UK Candidate Case (Worcestershire Election Challenge) · High Court
“an invention, indeed a hallucination, of AI.”
theaccessgroup.com ↗
The file →
  • Reform UK Candidate Case (Worcestershire Election Challenge) involved a litigant in person.
  • He used AI-generated authorities to challenge a local election result.
  • The High Court dismissed the petition and ordered £19,000 costs.
  • The court was the High Court in England and Wales.
  • The page says one cited case supposedly from 1912 did not exist.
Filing dismissed ChatGPT
A worker filed AI-generated WCAT submissions with fabricated cases and policies; WCAT dismissed the appeal and warned of possible costs.
A2501051 · Workplace Safety and Compensation Appeal Tribunal
“It appears that the worker’s submission was created, at least partly, with the use of artificial intelligence.”

Cases that don't exist

  • Zhang v. Chen, 2024 BCSC 285
  • Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970, 2025 BCCRT 217
  • AQ v. BW, 2025 BCCRT 907

+1 more

wcblawyers.com ↗
The file →
  • A2501051 at WCAT involved a worker's submission.
  • The worker used AI to prepare arguments for a prohibited action appeal.
  • The submission contained fake cases, incorrect policy, and bad legal arguments.
  • WCAT dismissed the appeal and noted AI-based submissions can lead to costs.
  • The deputy registrar said the submission was partly created with artificial intelligence and cited hallucinated cases.
Filing dismissed
In Couvrette v. Wisnovsky et all, the plaintiffs filed briefs using fabricated case law and quotations, and the court dismissed the claims with prejudice and imposed sanctions.
Couvrette v. Wisnovsky et all · Chenoweth Law Group LLC · U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon · OR
chenowethlaw.com ↗
The file →
  • Couvrette v. Wisnovsky et all involved plaintiffs represented in part by Chenoweth Law Group LLC.
  • The briefing relied on fabricated case law and quotations, attributed to generative AI tools.
  • The court dismissed the claims with prejudice and imposed sanctions.
  • U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon, Oregon.
  • The article says counsel blamed generative artificial intelligence tools; no specific tool is named.
Filing dismissed $30K
Two attorneys received $30,000 in combined sanctions and their case was dismissed for submitting more than two dozen fake case citations.
6th Circuit case · 6th Circuit
“pervasive misconduct”
theaiconsultingnetwork.com ↗
The file →
  • Two attorneys were sanctioned in the 6th Circuit
  • They submitted more than two dozen fake case citations
  • The court dismissed the case and imposed $30,000 in combined sanctions
  • 6th Circuit, federal court
  • Date not stated; the court cited pervasive misconduct
Filing dismissed
A self-represented filer cited non-existent cases, and the Supreme Court dismissed the case after calling the authorities hallucinations of a generative AI application.
Liyun Chen v Goodmore Investments and Tawa Trade Finance · Supreme Court of New Zealand
““Many of Ms Chen’s authorities are irrelevant or do not exist – in either case appearing to be hallucinations of a generative artificial intelligence application.””
newsroom.co.nz ↗
The file →
  • Liyun Chen brought the case against Goodmore Investments and Tawa Trade Finance.
  • Chen’s filings cited cases that did not exist and misrepresented others.
  • The Supreme Court dismissed the case.
  • Court: Supreme Court of New Zealand; justices Dame Ellen France, Sir Stephen Kós and Forrest Miller.
  • Date not stated; the page says the court fired off its most recent warning earlier this month.
Filing dismissed LegalAI
The court dismissed a mandamus petition after plaintiffs filed LegalAI-backed papers with nonexistent cases, fake quotes, and at least four made-up citations.
Oregon Supreme Court case · Oregon Supreme Court · OR
““Rather than taking the time necessary to ensure that they did not compound the burdens on the court, however,” the justices wrote in their order that less than 12 hours after receiving the order, plaintiffs dug a deeper hole by filing “a declaration that included citations to at least four cases that do not exist in the Oregon Appellate Reports or the Oregon Reports.””
ijpr.org ↗
The file →
  • Oregon Supreme Court case; plaintiffs were sanctioned by dismissal.
  • They submitted supporting documents using LegalAI with fabricated citations and fake quotes.
  • The court dismissed the petition for a writ of mandamus.
  • Oregon Supreme Court, Oregon.
  • Friday ruling in June 2026; justices said the papers added fabricated legal arguments and cited at least four nonexistent cases.
Filing dismissed
The court found opposition papers cited nonexistent opinions and dismissed the pro se complaint with prejudice.
Meril and Keith Dillard v. CBS Studios, Inc. · Meril and Keith Dillard · Federal court
“Because pro se parties are also bound by the Rule 11 duty to confirm that cited authorities exist and support their propositions, the court dismissed with prejudice, finding amendment would yield “additional unsupported allegations” and more defective filings rather than curing the complaint’s deficiencies.”
completeaitraining.com ↗
The file →
  • Meril and Keith Dillard v. CBS Studios, Inc. was a copyright action.
  • The filings included mischaracterizations, apparently AI-generated images, and an opposition brief citing several nonexistent opinions.
  • The court dismissed with prejudice, treating amendment as futile.
  • Federal court; the page gives no specific judge name or state.
  • The page says pro se parties still must verify authorities under Rule 11.
Filing dismissed
The court dismissed Mr Ba's claim after he failed to produce documents in an evidence list that appeared to be AI-generated fabrications.
Ba v Sterling Parts Australia Pty Ltd · Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
“the Court determined to dismiss Mr Ba's claim.”
mondaq.com ↗
The file →
  • Ba v Sterling Parts Australia Pty Ltd was dismissed after Mr Ba failed to produce documents in his evidence list.
  • His evidence list referenced 38 documents that the court inferred did not exist.
  • Sanction type was dismissal; no monetary amount was imposed.
  • Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia, Australia.
  • 3 August 2026; the article says the documents appeared to be AI-generated fabrications.
Filing dismissed
Attorney Steven Feldman filed papers with fake citations and the court terminated the case after repeated AI misuse.
Steven Feldman · Steven Feldman · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
“the “extraordinary” sanctions were warranted”
abajournal.com ↗
The file →
  • Steven Feldman was the attorney sanctioned in the Southern District of New York.
  • He kept filing documents containing fake citations after being asked to correct them.
  • The court terminated the case; the sanction was dismissal.
  • U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, New York.
  • Feb. 2026 article; Judge Katherine Polk Failla wrote the order and suspected AI use.
Filing dismissed $4K
The plaintiff’s attorney filed a response brief with fabricated quotes and a nonexistent decision, and the court dismissed the case without prejudice and referred counsel for discipline.
Alexey Dubinin v. Varsenik Papazian · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida · FL
damiencharlotin.com ↗
The file →
  • Alexey Dubinin v. Varsenik Papazian involved a lawyer.
  • The filing included fabricated citations and false quotes.
  • The court imposed a costs order of $4,030 and made a bar referral.
  • The court was S.D. Florida, in federal court.
  • Date: 2025-11-21; the AI tool was not identified.
Filing dismissed LegalAI 2026-06-05
The court dismissed a mandamus petition after relators filed supporting documents with nonexistent cases and fabricated quotes generated by LegalAI.
Aldridge v. Tussing · Oregon Supreme Court · OR
“The injection of false precedent undermines the integrity of the proceedings. Doing it repeatedly, and in response to a show cause order, warrants imposition of a meaningful sanction.”
apps.oregon.gov ↗
The file →
  • Aldridge v. Tussing involved relators who filed a mandamus petition with fabricated AI-generated citations and quotes.
  • The Oregon Supreme Court struck the petition and the response, then dismissed the proceeding entirely.
  • Sanction type: dismissal; no monetary amount was imposed in this order.
  • Oregon Supreme Court, Oregon; state court sanction issued on 2026-06-05.
  • The fabrications were attributed to LegalAI, and the court said repeated false precedent warranted a meaningful sanction.
Filing dismissed $17K 2026-04-24
Counsel filed briefs infected with AI hallucinations, and the Alabama Supreme Court dismissed the appeal and referred the matter to the state bar.
Ibach v. Stewart · Counsel for Laurie Ibach and Mark Stewart · Alabama Supreme Court · AL
“nothing to review”
alabamaworkerscompblawg.com ↗
The file →
  • Ibach v. Stewart involved counsel whose briefs were AI-hallucinated.
  • The court said the briefs were so infected that it had 'nothing to review.'
  • The Alabama Supreme Court dismissed the appeal and imposed $17,200 in fees plus a referral.
  • Court: Alabama Supreme Court, Alabama.
  • Date: 2026-04-24; the case ended with a bar referral.
Filing dismissed Centient AI 2026-04-15
A party using Centient AI filed fabricated and misrepresented case citations, and the brief was struck.
Stance Strong and Kinisha Strong v. Zubha Pop Foods LLC d/b/a Popeyes Chicken · CA Illinois (1d) · IL
damiencharlotin.com ↗
The file →
  • Stance Strong and Kinisha Strong v. Zubha Pop Foods LLC d/b/a Popeyes Chicken
  • A party using Centient AI filed fabricated and misrepresented case citations.
  • The court struck the brief.
  • CA Illinois (1d), state, Illinois.
  • 2026-04-15; the AI tool is named on the page as Centient AI.
Filing dismissed 2026-02-26
A self-represented appellant filed a brief with fabricated legal quotations and misattributed holdings; the court dismissed the appeal.
Samuel K. v. Focia · Cal. Ct. App. 2d Dist. · CA
“Simply stated, no brief, pleading, motion, or any other paper filed in any court should contain any citations – whether provided by generative AI or any other source – that the person responsible for submitting the pleading has not personally read and verified.”
fisherphillips.com ↗
The file →
  • Samuel K. v. Focia involved a self-represented appellant.
  • Her opening brief contained 12 legal quotations, 11 of which were fabrications.
  • The court dismissed the appeal in its entirety.
  • California Court of Appeal, state court in California.
  • February 26, 2026; the court said every citation must be personally read and verified.
Filing dismissed ChatGPT 2026-02-05
Defense counsel filed a motion-to-dismiss brief with false citations, then repeated the errors after a sanctions order to show cause; the court struck the filings and entered default judgment.
Flycatcher Corp. Ltd. v. Affable Ave. LLC · defendant’s counsel in Flycatcher · U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York · NY
“Only 14 out of 60 cases were hallucinations.”

Cases that don't exist

  • 2022 WL 4637582
  • 2024 LEXIS 2847243
nysba.org ↗
The file →
  • Flycatcher Corp. Ltd. v. Affable Ave. LLC involved defendant’s counsel
  • Motion-to-dismiss papers contained 13 fake citations and eight real cases with fictitious quotes
  • Court struck the submissions and entered default judgment against the defendant
  • Southern District of New York, federal court
  • Opposing counsel suggested ChatGPT or another AI model; counsel kept filing flawed research
Filing dismissed 2025-12-03
The court dismissed a waste-disposal fine challenge and said the statement of claim had clearly been generated using a generative AI tool.
Tribunal administratif de Grenoble · Tribunal administratif de Grenoble
“the statement of claim had clearly been generated using a generative AI tool.”
konbriefing.com ↗
The file →
  • Tribunal administratif de Grenoble, 2509827; the citizen
  • The filing was unclear and the court found it had been generated with generative AI
  • The court dismissed the application as manifestly inadmissible
  • Grenoble, France
  • 2025-12-03; municipal fine for waste disposal was challenged
Filing dismissed $110K 2025-12-01
Attorneys filed AI-generated research with fabricated case law, and the court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims, imposed $110,000 in sanctions and fees, and referred the matter to the Oregon State Bar.
vineyard inheritance lawsuit · federal judge in Oregon · OR
helsell.com ↗
The file →
  • vineyard inheritance lawsuit
  • Attorneys relied on AI-generated research containing fabricated case law
  • Dismissal plus $110,000 in sanctions and fees and a referral
  • Federal judge in Oregon
  • December 2025; sanctions were imposed on filing attorneys and associated local counsel
Filing dismissed ChatGPT 2025-11-14
A pro se filer used AI-generated citations in a bankruptcy filing; the court sanctioned her by dismissing the case without prejudice.
In re Cathleen Siebrecht · Cathleen Siebrecht · U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia · VA
““The ‘AI-generated citations’ in the filing were ‘hallucinated’ and not supported by the law.””

Cases that don't exist

  • In re Zepeda, 2023 Bankr. LEXIS 1234
  • In re Jones, 2024 WL 1234567
calawyers.org ↗
The file →
  • In re Cathleen Siebrecht involved Cathleen Siebrecht, who filed a bankruptcy paper with AI-generated citations.
  • The filing contained hallucinated legal citations and the court found they were unsupported by law.
  • The court dismissed the case without prejudice.
  • It was in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.
  • The order was entered on 2025-11-14, and the page says the citations were ChatGPT-generated.
Filing dismissed 2025-10-23
ASBCA struck the contractor’s reply brief and denied leave to revise it after finding more than 70% of its citations were inaccurate due to AI use.
Huffman Construction · Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
smithlaw.com ↗
The file →
  • Huffman Construction was sanctioned by the ASBCA.
  • Counsel admitted using AI, which led to fictitious case citations and bad record cites.
  • The Board struck the reply brief and denied leave to file a revised brief.
  • Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, federal forum.
  • Oct. 23, 2025; over 70% of the brief’s citations were inaccurate.
Filing dismissed 2025-10-01
ASBCA struck a law firm's reply brief after finding over 70% of the citations were inaccurate and included fabricated citations.
ASBCA reply brief sanction (October 2025) · Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
“The ASBCA called the safeguards “woefully insufficient.””
burr.com ↗
The file →
  • An unnamed law firm was sanctioned by the ASBCA for Gen-AI misuse.
  • Its reply brief used AI technology and more than 70% of the citations were inaccurate.
  • ASBCA struck the reply brief as the sanction.
  • Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, federal.
  • October 2025; government counsel and the Board found even more fabrications than the government had flagged.
Filing dismissed 2025-09-30
A relator disclosed an expert report with generative-AI hallucinations, and the federal judge dismissed the FCA suit after related sanctions motions were filed.
U.S. ex rel. Khoury v. Intermountain Healthcare Inc et al. · Gary Giampetruzzi, Jessica R. Montes and Vanna Mavromatis · District of Utah · UT
paulhastings.com ↗
The file →
  • U.S. ex rel. Khoury v. Intermountain Healthcare Inc et al. involved relator-side counsel and an expert report.
  • The report contained generative AI hallucinations, including bogus deposition testimony and fictitious quotes from government manuals.
  • On 2025-09-30, the federal judge granted the United States’ motion to intervene and dismiss the case.
  • The case was dismissed with prejudice to the relator and without prejudice to the United States.
  • District of Utah; the article does not name the AI tool, but says the expert used a generative AI tool and the parties had motion practice over sanctions.
Filing dismissed ChatGPT 2025-09-25
Oready, LLC filed protest briefs with fabricated, mismatched, and misquoted GAO citations, and GAO dismissed the protests as an abuse of process.
Oready, LLC · Government Accountability Office
“Our decision here is not based on the use of AI as a method of research; it is based on the protester’s repeated reliance on non-existent citations or decisions without verifying their correctness and applicability to the arguments being presented.”
centrelawgroup.com ↗
The file →
  • Oready, LLC was dismissed after filing AI-tainted protest briefs.
  • The filings included fabricated GAO decisions, mismatched citations, and misquoted holdings.
  • GAO dismissed the protests as an abuse of process.
  • Government Accountability Office; federal procurement protest forum.
  • Sept. 25, 2025; GAO said the issue was unverified non-existent citations, not AI use itself.
Filing dismissed 2025-09-01
GAO dismissed four Oready protest filings after repeated Gen-AI misuse and hallucinated citations in the protests.
Oready, LLC bid protest (September 2025 GAO decision) · Oready, LLC · Government Accountability Office
burr.com ↗
The file →
  • Oready, LLC was sanctioned in a GAO bid protest decision after repeated Gen-AI misuse.
  • The filings contained hallucinated citations and other inaccurate legal assertions.
  • GAO dismissed four protest filings as the sanction.
  • Government Accountability Office, federal procurement tribunal.
  • September 2025; the report says Oready had filed 15 pro se protests in eight months.
Filing dismissed 2025-08-01
CBCA dismissed Oready's appeal without prejudice after records showed the certified claim included hallucinated case law.
Oready, LLC CBCA appeal (August 2025) · Oready, LLC · Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
burr.com ↗
The file →
  • Oready, LLC was identified in a CBCA appeal involving hallucinated case law.
  • The appeal records showed Gen-AI misuse in the certified claim.
  • CBCA dismissed the appeal without prejudice.
  • Civilian Board of Contract Appeals, federal.
  • August 2025; the appeal was also dismissed because it was premature.
Filing dismissed $86K ChatGPT 2025-07-17
Lawyer James Martin Paul filed briefs with hallucinated AI citations in ByoPlanet cases; the court dismissed the federal matters, awarded fees, and referred him to the Florida Bar.
ByoPlanet International, LLC v. Johansson · James Martin Paul · Southern District of Florida · FL
“When he argued the fine was too high, the court shot back that caving to his arguments “would only benefit serial hallucinators.””
relativity.com ↗
The file →
  • ByoPlanet Int’l, LLC v. Johansson and related matters; attorney James Martin Paul
  • Paul used hallucinated citations across eight matters and even filed fabricated quotations after being put on notice
  • Judge Leibowitz dismissed the four federal matters without prejudice and without leave to amend, awarded fees and costs, and referred Paul to the Florida Bar
  • U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Florida
  • July 17, 2025; Paul told the court he and his paralegal used ChatGPT
Filing dismissed 2025-07-02
A pro se defendant filed pleadings loaded with 42 nonexistent citations, and the court dismissed the motion to strike after finding the citations were AI-hallucinated.
Powhatan County School Board v. Skinger · U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia · VA
““The fact that her citations to nonexistent legal authority are so pervasive, in volume and in location throughout her filings, can lead to only one plausible conclusion: that an AI program hallucinated them in an effort to meet whatever [the defendant’s] desired outcome was based on the prompt that she put into the AI program,””
thomsonreuters.com ↗
The file →
  • Powhatan County School Board v. Skinger involved a pro se defendant's filings
  • The filings contained 42 citations to nonexistent legal authorities
  • The court dismissed the motion to strike the original opinion from the record
  • U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
  • The court said an AI program hallucinated the citations; no AI tool was named
Filing dismissed 2025-05-13
A struck-off former solicitor’s appeal cited 25 nonexistent cases, and the High Court struck out the grounds on its own motion.
Bandla v Solicitors Regulation Authority · High Court
“needs to take decisive action to protect the integrity of its processes against any citation of fake authority.”
searchthe.law ↗
The file →
  • Bandla v Solicitors Regulation Authority was the case caption named on the page.
  • The appeal grounds cited 25 cases that did not exist.
  • Fordham J struck out the grounds of the court’s own motion.
  • The court was the High Court in England and Wales.
  • Decided 13 May 2025; the article says the court acted to protect the integrity of its processes.
Filing dismissed ChatGPT 2025-04-01
An applicant repeatedly used the term "subornation of perjury," which Judge David Nolan said sounded like AI and denied the judicial review appeal.
Judicial review appeal in Ireland · High Court
“This sounds like something that derived from an artificial intelligence source,”
businessplus.ie ↗
The file →
  • An unnamed applicant was before Judge David Nolan.
  • The applicant repeatedly used a phrase the judge thought came from AI.
  • Judge Nolan denied the judicial review appeal.
  • This happened in the High Court in Ireland.
  • About four months after Dec. 2024; Nolan said it had the hallmarks of ChatGPT or a similar tool.
Filing dismissed ChatGPT 2025-01-01
The court dismissed a damages claim after the plaintiff's ChatGPT-assisted complaint relied on inaccurate or non-existent legal bases.
AI-written lawsuit dismissed by the court · Sąd Okręgowy we Wrocławiu
“the statement of claim having been drafted entirely with the assistance of ChatGPT.”
konbriefing.com ↗
The file →
  • AI-written lawsuit dismissed by the court; the plaintiff
  • The complaint was drafted entirely with ChatGPT and used inaccurate or non-existent legal bases
  • The court dismissed the claim as unfounded
  • Wrocław, Poland
  • 2025; the court said responsibility for the content rested with the plaintiff
Filing dismissed 2025-01-01
A suspended lawyer filed tribunal materials with hallucinated cases and misleading citations; the Tribunal dismissed his motion.
Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario · Law Society Tribunal
minkenemploymentlawyers.com ↗
The file →
  • Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario involved a lawyer whose licence had already been suspended.
  • He relied heavily on generative AI and submitted filings with fabricated cases and misleading citations.
  • The Tribunal dismissed his motion rather than accept the AI-generated materials.
  • The court was the Law Society Tribunal in Ontario, Canada.
  • The article says the decision was in 2025 and a 15-page chart identified the false authorities.
Filing dismissed 2024-12-01
A married couple in Dublin filed error-strewn submissions after relying on AI-generated legal material, and Judge David Nolan threw out the submission.
Dublin repossession case · High Court
“The general public should be warned against the use of generative AI devices and programs in matters of law.”
businessplus.ie ↗
The file →
  • A married couple in Dublin were the parties in the case.
  • They used AI-linked material that misread legal terms and legislation in a repossession dispute.
  • Judge Nolan threw out the submission entirely.
  • The order was from the High Court in Ireland.
  • Dec. 2024; the judge warned against using generative AI in matters of law.
Filing dismissed $10K ChatGPT 2024-01-01
A litigant submitted an appellate brief with fictitious AI-generated case citations, and the Missouri Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal and imposed damages.
Kruse v. Karlen · Jonathan Karlen · Missouri Court of Appeals · MO
“The Court of Appeals noted that the “bogus citations” could not, “for any reason….be countenanced and represent a flagrant violation of the duty of candor” owed to the court.”
nysba.org ↗
The file →
  • Kruse v. Karlen involved a self-represented appellant.
  • Her AI program cited 24 cases, but only two were real and both were misunderstood.
  • The court dismissed the appeal and ordered $10,000 in attorney’s fees.
  • Missouri Court of Appeals, Missouri.
  • The article says the AI made up case names and citations that appeared genuine.
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